12 bit/32 kHz Audio
Sound is recorded on 6 audio sectors (= 1/2 frame, 1 Stereo Channel). 32 kHz sampling frequency allows playback frequency of ca.16 kHz. The 12 bit mode is mainly used for audio insert and dubbing: additional stereo tracks, e.g. music or voice can be added to the original 6 audio sectors. Total 2 Stereo Channels (both at 16 kHz playback frequency).

16 bit/48 kHz Audio
Sound is recorded on all 12 audio sectors (= 1 frame). Three sampling frequencies: 48 kHz, 44.1 kHz and 32 kHz are possible. Maximal sampling frequency 48 kHz gives 24 kHz at playback. That's the quality of DAT with dynamic range of more than 96 dB.

Advanced Titler
Allows for more creativity with videos. 8 presets with 2 custom titles in various languages. Unique to Sony Handycam is that you can choose colour, position on the screen and size of the title.

AFM
Audio Frequency Modulation, a system for recording sound waves in HiFi quality (>16kHz); standard for Video8/Hi8 format.

Audio Mix
You can balance between recorded 2 stereo channels (12 bit mode) for optimal sound effect.

Backlight Compensation
Compensates for strong backlighting, so that subjects appear clearly instead of as silhouettes. Included on all Handycam models.

Bluetooth™
Bluetooth™ is a wireless high-speed connection for different kinds of data. We will use this worldwide standard for our Network-camcorders: they can connect to a Bluetooth™ mobile-phone and you will be able to send pictures or surf the net even if you are not at home and if you have no computer with you. For home-use, we offer also a Bluetooth™ modem to connect with your standard analogue telephone line.

Cassette Memory
A cassette memory IC (Integrated Curcuit) can be mounted on DV tapes. The memory size is always indicated on the DV equipment and tape. Besides the basic data for the tape, various new functions can be recorded on this cassette memory, like table of contents, tape label, titles. CM enables quick search by date or title, photo search, superimposing titles etc.

CCD
Charge Coupled Device, a semiconductor chip which coordinates hundreds of thousands of photosensors to turn a picture into electronic signals. The higher the number of pixels, the more information can be 'seen' by the CCD chip. Sony Handycam uses a Cat's Eye type of CCD which enables sensors to catch even more light than a regular chip.

Control L (LANC)
Connector for editing interface: connects Sony VCRs and editing controllers with a Control L jack.

Cut Mode Recording
This mode is used to make a movie using still subjects animation. Seen in many animated movies. In this mode 5 frames (1/5th sec) are recorded by each cut.

Digital Mavica
Sony's Digital Mavica is the world's first digital still camera using a 3.5" floppy: the most common medium in the PC world. In combination with the most popular JPEG picture compression format, Mavica has become a breakthrough digital still camera concept.

Digital Noise Reduction
Standard for Sony Handycam. Eliminates spurious colour noise from the video signal for smoother films. A microchip can detect noise on the picture by comparing 2 consecutive fields (=1 frame) of video picture.

Digital Picture Effects
Advanced effects for enhancing videos, such as mixing in still videos or adding stroboscopic or Óold movie' effects.

Digital Video
Picture and sound are converted to and recorded as digital signals (DV compression). The chrominance signal (C) is further split into component signals (Red-Y, Blue-Y). The DV terminal i.LINK enables no-loss data transfer to postproduction equipment for 1 to 1 editing quality.

Digital Zoom
Digital Zoom increases the standard (optical) zoom by 2x, 4x or even 12x. This is done by digital memory and thus a very high zoom may cause unwanted grain or noise to appear. Digital zoom function can be switched off if necessary.

Edit Search
Review the tape in forward and reverse, without leaving the camera mode for quick on-spot retakes.

End Search
Automatically advances the tape to the last frame.

Fader
Feature used for a more professional transition between scenes. In '98 Handycam you can select any of up to seven various modes: from classy Black-and-White and Mosaic to more special Stripe, Bounce and Monotone to professional-like Overlap and Wipe.

Flying Erase Head
Instead of a fixed erase head (VHS), Sony Handycam uses the video head to both record and erase the picture. This ensures a smooth transition from one scene to another, without any noise in between.

Hi8
Features high band technology for highly realistic pictures and genuine HiFi stereo sound. The video signal is split into chrominance (C) and luminance (Y) signals.

Hyper MIG Video Head
Based on technologies developed for DV camcorders, the new MIG (metal-in-gap) video head boosts the luminance signal by up to 30% and chrominance signal by up to 10%, while greatly reducing noise. All this in combination with XR technology gives a much better picture quality and greats customer satisfaction. The head is made of new materials, smaller in size and uses lower current (Stamina).

i.LINK
i.LINK is an ultra high-speed data bus (from 100 Mbps up to 400 Mbps) based on the IEEE1394 standard: the only terminal allowing for a real-time data transmission of video picture without any loss of digital data. Suitable for Home AV and PC environment it will be a link to the future. Featured on all digital products from Sony.

InfoLITHIUM
This Sony's unique technology enables you full control over remaining battery power. It tells you with the accuracy of one minute how much power you've got left or how long you can record with a currrent charge while actually charging the battery. InfoLITHIUM batteries have absolutely no memory effect, are light, small in size, powerful and environmentally friendly. All '98 Handycam models are InfoLITHIUM-ready.

Intelligent Accessory Shoe
A direct interface between camera and (intelligent) accessory that automatically activates its function and even supplies the necessary power from the camcorder's battery. So for example a video lamp automatically switches on when you start recording.

Interval Recording Mode
Recording starts after a certain waiting time (30 sec, 1 min, 5 min, 10 min) and lasts for a short period (0.2 sec, 0.5 sec, 1 sec, 2 sec.). In this mode you can make fantastic videos of slow-moving subjects, for example you can film growing plants or blooming flowers.

Laser Link
A wireless connection system which enables watching films directly on the TV screen. Only the optional infrared receiver IFT-R10 is plugged to the TV. With Laser Link you can also select the Line Input via your camcorder for maximum comfort.

Long Play Mode
Doubles the tape's recording time: 240 min on a 120 min video8 PAL tape. For DV the recording time is extended by 50% to 90 min on a 60 min Mini DV tape.

Manual Exposure Control
Enables manual compensation for strong backlighting, low contrast and insufficient ambient light, for better control over picture results.

Manual Focus
Useful to keep picture in focus when there's insufficient light, subjects are of low contrast etc. and also to create a very special focusing effect in the movie.

Minimum Illumination
Thanks to brighter lenses and the Cat's Eye CCD, Sony Handycam allows colourful filming even in very dark conditions (e.g. candlelight). This specification is indicated in Lux, where 1 Lux is the amount of light you get from 1 candle at 1 meter distance. The lower the Lux value, the higher the sensitivity of the camera, so you can enjoy a very good picture even in very difficult lighting conditions or when no light can be used.

MPEG2
Unlike MPEG1, this newer standard has more compression power at any given level of picture quality. Very often quality goes hand in hand with bit-rate: the higher this rate, the better the quality and the larger the files. MPEG2 is able to distinguish between static and moving parts and therefore stores only those parts of the picture which changed in the relevant time-frame. In general, MPEG2 can deliver any quality between HDTV and VHS, depending on the bitrate and performance of motion-tracking algorithms.

ND Filter
ND (Natural Density) filter filters down to one-tenth the quantity of light to prevent the picture going out of focus under bright conditions. The digital camcorder automatically senses the need for ND filter and indicates it in the viewfinder.

New Menu System
In 1998, Sony Handycam features a very user-friendly menu: each function is logically categorised with each category represented by icons. Selecting a function is quick and convenient by turning a single dial.

NightShot
Sony's original '98 feature: by switching the infrared cut-off filter, the camera is capable of recording in complete darkness (0 Lux!). The infrared beam is additionally emitted from the camera. Allows for new usage of Handycam: shooting by night, while camping, exploring nature, monitoring baby's room, security camera for house and garage, handy tool in household and many more.

Noiseless Still/Slow Motion
Allows for crystal-clear freeze frame and slow motion on the LCD monitor.

Optimum Recording Control
Checks the tape condition before recording and ensures the best possible picture quality.

PCM
Pulse Code Modulation used with DV camcorders allows digital audio recording in 16 bit single-stereo mode for very high quality or 12 duplex stereo mode for creative sound editing.

Picture Effects
8 digital effect modes providing exciting creative options: Sepia, Solarise, Monotone, Stretch, Slim, Pastel, Negative Art and Mosaic. Available with all '98 Sony Handycam models.

Photo Mode
A still image is recorded on a tape for 7 seconds. Very useful for making more advanced videos. Also practical for video printer or still image capture boards. In '98 Sony Handycam has introduced 3 photo modes (standard, shutter, fader).

Program AE
Program Auto Exposure enables good picture (exposure) quality in various shooting conditions. The shutter speed and iris are adapted to the particular situation. All '98 Handycam feature 6 modes, like Portrait, Sports or Sunset&Moon. Advanced Program AE in our top models has 3 modes: Priority Iris, Priority Shutter and Twilight.

Solar Window
Allows ambient light into the colour viewfinder or LCD for a brighter, more vivid display. This means that the more light there is, the brighter the picture in the LCD screen or viewfinder.

Steady Shot
Unlike other image stabilisation systems, Sony's Steady Shot system features built-in motion sensor and Precision CCD technology - with 470,000 pixels - to produce clear, highly detailed pictures without compromising image size or degrading the picture quality.

Stamina Technology
Sony's unique power management concept which reduces power consumption of every single component, digitises all processes and integrates more chips into one. With heavily reduced power consumption of the camcorder (only 2.5 W!) and high-capacity lithium-ion batteries you get max. 12 hours of filming time from a single battery charge.

Super Steady Shot
Guarantees highest possible compensation with absolutely no loss in picture quality. Uses an active prism (optical system) or a 800.000 pixels CCD (electronic system).

Time Base Corrector (TBC)
Originally featured in professional equipment, TBC ensures optimum playback picture quality for perfect pictures even in freeze frames or slow motion. TBC compensates for any unsmooth movement of tape transportation mechanism: the video signal is digitalised, stored in the memory and released on a constant time basis. As a result all horizontal lines are even and stable. TBC is very practical by post-production and editing process.

Video8
Video 8 format has set the standards in terms of compact size, tape protection and tape length. Good picture quality and its superior HiFi sound have made it the most popular camcorder video format. Uses only metal tape. Video and audio signals are separated.

White Balance
Is the adjustment necessary to make white subjects look white and to obtain a more natural colour balance.

XR-System
Sony's exclusive 8mm XR (eXtended Resolution) technology variably extends the luminance bandwidth for greater image detail and clarity. XR enhances Video 8 and Hi8 picture resolution by up to 10%. Thus Sony Handycam stays ahead of other video8 or VHS-C camcorders in terms of picture resolution and quality.

Zebra Pattern
Featured in top digital camcorders. In the portion of the picture when the brightness and exposure exceed a certain level diagonal stripes (zebra pattern) appear (only in the viewfinder, not on the actual picture). This feature is a guide for adjusting the aperture, gain and shutter speed.

Zero Set Memory
Function useful in video insert editing: by marking the ending point with Zero Set Memory, you ensure that the insert recording stops automatically at that point.

Zoom
Allows the user to frame a shot prior to recording it or to close-up on a subject while filming to create a special visual effect. This is achieved by changing the focal length of the lens (= Optical Zoom). Zoom speed is controled.

Digital Photography Glossary
AE Bracketing
Auto Exposure Bracketing enables you to capture the right exposure. The camera will take a picture in three different exposure modes, afterwards you can choose the one with the right exposure.

AF Illuminator
Auto Focus Illuminator let's you set the right focus in poor light circumstances. The camera detects whether there is too little light, pushing the shutter button half way down, the camera will shine a red light on the subject and when you push the shutter button completely down, the flash will go off. Result; a well focussed picture in poor light circumstances.

Bit
The smallest piece of data which a computer can process. It can only be two states (0 or 1), also known as 'on' or 'off'.

BMP (Bitmap)
A not compressed graphic format. The method of storing information that maps an image pixel, bit by bit.

Burst Mode
The burst mode enables you to take 2 or 3 consecutive pictures in a time frame of 0.6 seconds per picture.

Byte
One byte exists of 8 bits. One byte can represent 256 characters, numbers or colour values.

Colour Depth
The number of colours that can be recorded or displayed. The more bits, the more colours can be recorded. To represent 16,7 million colours you need a colour depth of 24 bits (8 bits per colour: Red, Green and Blue).

Cyber-shot
High quality Digital Still Camera. Next to still pictures moving images and audio can be recorded. Memory Stick is used as a recording media.

DPI
The resolution of printers and scanners is dots per inch. The higher the value, the finer the scan- or print result. When you use a bubble jet printer the result is determined by the size of the drop of ink.

E-Mail Mode
In e-mail mode the size of the image is 320 x 240. This size is ideal for e-mail because of the small amount data the picture exists of.

E-movie
Short movies can be made in MPEG-1 format. Using a resolution of 160 x 112 you can record up to 1 minute of video without MPEG EX function (see MPEG EX).

Exposure
Exposure control is used to compensate poor light conditions such as strong backlighting, low contrast and insufficient ambient light. It compensates in steps of 0.5 EV.

Guide Line Function
Enables you to see guidelines with both ways of portrait and landscape on the monitor, and the lines can be moved. Three sets of lines are programmable. It is very useful to make sure if the image is straight vertically and horizontally, and to adjust the angle and the size of the image when the passport photo or ID photo is taken.

Histogram Function
While the histogram function is on, a histogram chart will be displayed on the LCD monitor and the video monitor. This enables you to check the gradation of black and white.

Internet
World-wide service for communication and information. Data is transmitted via PSTN (telephone network).

Allows communication by e-Mai and gives access to a wide range of downloadable information. The user needs only a personal computer, a modem and network access via a provider such as AOL (American Online).

Interpolation
By using special software the resolution can be increased. Pixels are analysed in colour and brightness and new pixels are added by calculating the values of the surrounding pixels.

Index Playback
Enables a quick overview of all taken pictures. This is a easy way to select, protect, delete or print mark your pictures.

JPEG
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group a consortium which has developed and spread this format world-wide. It is a compression format that efficiently stores digital images.

Mavica
Sony's Digital Mavica is the only digital still camera in the world using a Floppy Disc as a recording media. 'Mavica' stands for Magnetic Video Camera. The floppy Disc is the most used medium in the PC world. In combination with the popular JPEG Compression Mavica has created a break-through in Digital Photography.

Memory Stick
The future proof recording media (Flash Memory). Records all kinds of digital data on a very compact stick.

MPEG-1
Motion Picture Experts Group. It is a data compression format that efficiently stores digital video images. Using a resolution of 160 x 112 pixels you can record small video-clips up to 1 minute. Contrary to the PAL standard (25 images per second) only 8 images per second are recorded.

MPEG EX
With MPEG EX there are no limitations in the recording time of MPEG-1 movies. The camera will let you record and write the data at the same time on the Memory Stick. This means that you can record up to 90 minutes in E-movie mode using a 128MB Memory Stick.

Operation System
Indicates which program should be installed in the computer. Current operation systems are for example DOS, Windows 95 and 98 as well as Windows NT.

Parallel-/Serial-Port-Adaptor
Memory Stick or PC-Card adaptor used to transfer data to a computer (IBM PC/AT compatible). This way you can transfer data on MS to a computer.

Parallel-/Serial Interface
Interface: connecting point between the computer and an external device (mouse, scanner, modem, digital camera). This enables the products to communicate. Serial: Data is transferred serially, which means bit by bit, one piece after another via a connection cable. Parallel: Connection allows a computer to execute several tasks simultaneously. Data is transmitted parallel, 8 bits at once. Fast way of transferring data.

PC Card
Also known as PCMCIA Card. Most laptops have one or two PC Card slots. Most commonly used for rapid data transfer from a Smart Media, a Compact Flash or a Memory Stick type memory card to the host PC.

PC Card Adaptor
Enables the connection of a Memory Stick with a PC Card connection (Notebook, Digital Camera).

Playback Zoom/ Trimming
Out of UXGA (1600 x1200) picture you can move to search a good frame (playback zoom) and make a new file (trimming). This will be a VGA (640 x 480) File and is stored on the Memory Stick.

Print Mark
You can select pictures in your camera using Print Mark. By print marking the selected pictures, the Memory Stick Printer or the Floppy Disc Printer will automatically print the selected pictures.

Progressive Scan System
This term is used to describe an image sensor that gathers its data and processes each scan line one after another in sequence. Sharp images and blurless images are the result.

Progressive Shutter System
Similar to the Progressive Scan System, but in this system, a mechanical shutter ist used. The result is practically identical.

Resolution
The amount of pixels an image exists of. The higher the resolution, the more detailed the picture will be. A VGA resolution (640 x480) is ideal for small print-outs and computer use. XGA (1024 x 768) and SXGA-resolutions (1280 x 1024) will offer even more detail. A UXGA resolution of 1600 x 1200 approaches photo quality.

Slide Show
Allows the continuous playback of stored images. The recorded images can be viewed on the integrated LCD colour display or on a separate monitor.

Software
Software is a supplied accessory with our digital cameras. Using the software the computer can 'read' the image.

Tiff
Stands for Tagged Image File Format. A specific, high quality file format used for the storage of digitised images.

USB
Stands for Universal Serial Bus. It is a high speed data port on computers and peripherals. USB is used for transferring data from e.g. a digital camera to a computer. The data transfer is very fast.

Voice Memo
With this mode you can add spoken text to a picture.

-- Digital Photography Glossary --
AE Bracketing
Auto Exposure Bracketing enables you to capture the right exposure. The camera will take a picture in three different exposure modes, afterwards you can choose the one with the right exposure.

AF Illuminator
Auto Focus Illuminator let's you set the right focus in poor light circumstances. The camera detects whether there is too little light, pushing the shutter button half way down, the camera will shine a red light on the subject and when you push the shutter button completely down, the flash will go off. Result; a well focussed picture in poor light circumstances.

Bit
The smallest piece of data which a computer can process. It can only be two states (0 or 1), also known as 'on' or 'off'.

BMP (Bitmap)
A not compressed graphic format. The method of storing information that maps an image pixel, bit by bit.

Burst Mode
The burst mode enables you to take 2 or 3 consecutive pictures in a time frame of 0.6 seconds per picture.

Byte
One byte exists of 8 bits. One byte can represent 256 characters, numbers or colour values.

Colour Depth
The number of colours that can be recorded or displayed. The more bits, the more colours can be recorded. To represent 16,7 million colours you need a colour depth of 24 bits (8 bits per colour: Red, Green and Blue).

Cyber-shot
High quality Digital Still Camera. Next to still pictures moving images and audio can be recorded. Memory Stick is used as a recording media.

DPI
The resolution of printers and scanners is dots per inch. The higher the value, the finer the scan- or print result. When you use a bubble jet printer the result is determined by the size of the drop of ink.

E-Mail Mode
In e-mail mode the size of the image is 320 x 240. This size is ideal for e-mail because of the small amount data the picture exists of.

E-movie
Short movies can be made in MPEG-1 format. Using a resolution of 160 x 112 you can record up to 1 minute of video without MPEG EX function (see MPEG EX).

Exposure
Exposure control is used to compensate poor light conditions such as strong backlighting, low contrast and insufficient ambient light. It compensates in steps of 0.5 EV.

Guide Line Function
Enables you to see guidelines with both ways of portrait and landscape on the monitor, and the lines can be moved. Three sets of lines are programmable. It is very useful to make sure if the image is straight vertically and horizontally, and to adjust the angle and the size of the image when the passport photo or ID photo is taken.

Histogram Function
While the histogram function is on, a histogram chart will be displayed on the LCD monitor and the video monitor. This enables you to check the gradation of black and white.

Internet
World-wide service for communication and information. Data is transmitted via PSTN (telephone network).

Allows communication by e-Mai and gives access to a wide range of downloadable information. The user needs only a personal computer, a modem and network access via a provider such as AOL (American Online).

Interpolation
By using special software the resolution can be increased. Pixels are analysed in colour and brightness and new pixels are added by calculating the values of the surrounding pixels.

Index Playback
Enables a quick overview of all taken pictures. This is a easy way to select, protect, delete or print mark your pictures.

JPEG
JPEG stands for Joint Photographic Experts Group a consortium which has developed and spread this format world-wide. It is a compression format that efficiently stores digital images.

Mavica
Sony's Digital Mavica is the only digital still camera in the world using a Floppy Disc as a recording media. 'Mavica' stands for Magnetic Video Camera. The floppy Disc is the most used medium in the PC world. In combination with the popular JPEG Compression Mavica has created a break-through in Digital Photography.

Memory Stick
The future proof recording media (Flash Memory). Records all kinds of digital data on a very compact stick.

MPEG-1
Motion Picture Experts Group. It is a data compression format that efficiently stores digital video images. Using a resolution of 160 x 112 pixels you can record small video-clips up to 1 minute. Contrary to the PAL standard (25 images per second) only 8 images per second are recorded.

MPEG EX
With MPEG EX there are no limitations in the recording time of MPEG-1 movies. The camera will let you record and write the data at the same time on the Memory Stick. This means that you can record up to 90 minutes in E-movie mode using a 128MB Memory Stick.

Operation System
Indicates which program should be installed in the computer. Current operation systems are for example DOS, Windows 95 and 98 as well as Windows NT.

Parallel-/Serial-Port-Adaptor
Memory Stick or PC-Card adaptor used to transfer data to a computer (IBM PC/AT compatible). This way you can transfer data on MS to a computer.

Parallel-/Serial Interface
Interface: connecting point between the computer and an external device (mouse, scanner, modem, digital camera). This enables the products to communicate. Serial: Data is transferred serially, which means bit by bit, one piece after another via a connection cable. Parallel: Connection allows a computer to execute several tasks simultaneously. Data is transmitted parallel, 8 bits at once. Fast way of transferring data.

PC Card
Also known as PCMCIA Card. Most laptops have one or two PC Card slots. Most commonly used for rapid data transfer from a Smart Media, a Compact Flash or a Memory Stick type memory card to the host PC.

PC Card Adaptor
Enables the connection of a Memory Stick with a PC Card connection (Notebook, Digital Camera).

Playback Zoom/ Trimming
Out of UXGA (1600 x1200) picture you can move to search a good frame (playback zoom) and make a new file (trimming). This will be a VGA (640 x 480) File and is stored on the Memory Stick.

Print Mark
You can select pictures in your camera using Print Mark. By print marking the selected pictures, the Memory Stick Printer or the Floppy Disc Printer will automatically print the selected pictures.

Progressive Scan System
This term is used to describe an image sensor that gathers its data and processes each scan line one after another in sequence. Sharp images and blurless images are the result.

Progressive Shutter System
Similar to the Progressive Scan System, but in this system, a mechanical shutter ist used. The result is practically identical.

Resolution
The amount of pixels an image exists of. The higher the resolution, the more detailed the picture will be. A VGA resolution (640 x480) is ideal for small print-outs and computer use. XGA (1024 x 768) and SXGA-resolutions (1280 x 1024) will offer even more detail. A UXGA resolution of 1600 x 1200 approaches photo quality.

Slide Show
Allows the continuous playback of stored images. The recorded images can be viewed on the integrated LCD colour display or on a separate monitor.

Software
Software is a supplied accessory with our digital cameras. Using the software the computer can 'read' the image.

Tiff
Stands for Tagged Image File Format. A specific, high quality file format used for the storage of digitised images.

USB
Stands for Universal Serial Bus. It is a high speed data port on computers and peripherals. USB is used for transferring data from e.g. a digital camera to a computer. The data transfer is very fast.

Voice Memo
With this mode you can add spoken text to a picture.

-- Glossary FOR TV's --
The following glossary terms relate to the category "TV, Home Cinema Projector".

CTV Glossary
3D Sound System
A three way sound system with speakers for left and right channels and a passive sub woofer.

14:9 Mode
Enables a 16:9 television to display a 14:9 format broadcast to its full potential, by expanding the picture until it fills the screen vertically.

16:9 Mode
Animorphic recordings (Squeezed recording) from a camcorder or DVD player can be viewed on a 4:3 set with no distortion.

100Hz
By Doubling the refresh rate of the picture image, screen flicker is eliminated, making the image smoother and more relaxing to watch.

100Hz Digital Plus
A development of 100Hz technology that ensures a smoother transition from one frame to the next, it also eliminates line flicker.

Advanced 100Hz Digital Plus
A further development of 100Hz technology using larger more powerfull circuitry, the net result is a sharper, smoother image.

Auto Convergence
Pressing a button on the front panel of a CRT rear projection set, automatically adjusts the convergence of the Red, Green and Blue CRT's to ensure true picture purity.

Auto 16:9
On receipt of an encoded broadcast signal (in line 23 of text information), the TV automatically switches to 16:9 full screen mode (Digital Zoom).

Auto Label
Using broadcast teletext information, Auto Label identifies and labels the pre-set stations.

Automatic Channel Installation (ACI)
When included as a feature on your cable network, ACI automatically tunes your TV, and uses channel indications and labels.

Auto Start Up Tuning
When TV set is switched on for the first time, the viewer will be asked by screen message, if he wishes to have the TV set tuned in with all receivable channels. If yes, it will automatically tune all channels. If no, customer can either use one button tuning or manual tuning.

Auto Wide
Automatically switches your Widescreen TV to the appropriate zoom mode for either 4:3 or letterbox broadcasts.

BBE
Helps to eliminate distortion in the sound signal enabling a more powerful, natural and clearer sound reproduction.

Clipboard
Available on sets featuring two tuners, the clipboard feature, when selected will split the screen in two, pausing the current picture on the right hand side while the programme continues uninterrupted on the left of the screen. Ideal for making a note of an address or even a recipe.

Digital Comb Filter
Separates combined colour and black & white picture information, to ensure crisp sharp picture detail without the kind of picture vibration experienced with fine picture detail.

Digital Constant Image (DCI)
Only switching the pixels, in an LCD projector set, in parts of the picture when movement is present ensures a clean stable picture with no flicker.

DRC (Digital Reality Creation)
Using unique Sony algorithms DRC replicates a high definition television picture from a standard definition television signal.

Digital Sound Processing (DSP)
DSP can alter the atmosphere of the sound reproduction without any loss of quality. With effects such as 'hall' or 'stadium' (depending on the TV chassis type) it will sound as if you are really at the event.

Digital Zoom
Will zoom up 4:3 standard letterbox broadcasting without disturbing line structure.

Dolby® ProLogic Surround Sound
Four separate audio channels, consisting of Front Left/Right, Centre (mainly for speech) and Rear (for sound effects) combine to offer superb three-dimensional sound.

Dual Drive Speakers
A speaker system that utilises two drive and only one speaker diaphragm that delivers uncompromising crisp sound reproduction while maintaining a very slim, compact speaker unit.

Dynamic Channel Index
When selecting Dynamic Channel Index the programme currently beeing viewed moves to the centre of the screen and is surrounded with twelve smaller images from additional channels, these are then updated, in rotation, one per second. A preferred channel can then be selected using the joystick remote commander.

Dynamic Picture Control
Using powerful algorithms the Dynamic Focus circuit ensures a clean crisp image with sharp focus right to the very edge of the screen. Meanwhile the Quad Pole circuit adjusts the beam spot diameter to ensure the picture shape also remains true right to the corners and very edges of the screen.

Dynamic Windows
The use of a powerful circuit that converts and combines different frequencies, enables a multitude of features to be added that combines two different television signals.

Dynamic Picture and Picture
Two different television sources can be combined and displayed side by side on the same screen. Size of the image is also adjustable with smooth transitions from small to large. The size of the right hand image is inversely proportional to that of the left. The sound from the left will be heard from the television speakers, the right from the headphone socket.

Dynamic Picture and Text
Displays teletext on the left side of the screen while a picture - adjustable in size - is displayed on the right. The text can be from a different channel to that of the picture.

Electronic Programme Guide (EPG)
An intelligent TV listings guide, with easy to use menu systems for programme location (depending on availability of broadcast signal).

Game Button
Selects the front A/V input, switches 16:9 televisions into wide mode and optimizes presets for colour and brightness - ideal for the reproduction of computer games graphics.

Graphic Equalizer
The graphic equalizer influences the characteristics of a pre-defined range of different sound frequencies. These can be adjusted individually or by selecting preset values for different styles.

Hyperband Tuner
This enables the television to pick up the extended range of special channels available with cable TV facilities.

Menu System
An on-screen display to enhance the use of television features and settings. The user is guided through the system with colour guides or on-screen prompts. Access is via the remote control.

Multi PIP
Divides the screen into a number of smaller screens for various features.

NTSC
National Television Standards Committee - The television system used primarily in USA and Japan.

NTSC Video in
Will allow connection of a VCR that is capable of replaying an NTSC standard Video Cassette.

One Button Tuning
By simply pressing one button, your television will automatically tune, without you having to access the menu system.

On Timer
Enables you to set the television to switch on, from standby, at a pre-determined time, within twelve hours of the setting time. If there is no command to the television within one hour it will switch back to standby.

PAL
Phase Alternate Line - The television system used in most European Countries.

Picture and Picture (PAP)
Two tuners allow two pictures to be displayed side by side. The sound for the left picture is heard through the television speakers, while that from the right is heard via the phone socket.

Picture and Text (PAT)
Teletext from the channel you are watching is displayed on the right hand side of the screen while the picture continues on the left.

Picture in Picture (PIP)
Displays a small picture from another source e.g. VCR. enables you to check another source (e.g. football scores) while watching one channel or video.

Picture Freeze
A still frame is displayed on the screen while the sound continues, ideal for writing down an address or recipe.

SECAM
Sequentiel Coleur a Memoir - The television system used primarily in France.

Select
Using a simple menu system the viewer is able to select from one of three pre-set modes the most appropriate picture and sound settings for the style of programme being watched. The modes have pre-set values for eight picture and two sound parameters.

SmartLink (A/V Link)
Intelligent communication device between different pieces of audio/video equipment.

Station Label
Utilizing broadcast information, each station is identified and labeled accordingly.

Sub-Woofer
The use of one passive Woofer drive unit with the signal source coming from both left and right channels for bass sound reproduction.

Tru-Surround with SRS
Provides the effect of Dolby Surround Sound while only using two front speakers.

Trilogic plus
Featured on Sony televisions with an integrated video cassette recorder. Optimizes playback and recording of any video tape by measuring the signal and automatically adjusting noise reduction and frequency response. This not only ensures a brighter, sharper image with stronger colours, the life of the video heads is also improved.

Virtual Dolby
Provides the effect of Dolby® Surround Sound while only using two front speakers.

Woofer
A speaker drive unit, designed to perform with frequencies from the lower of the sound spectrum.

-- Personal Audio Glossary --
Autoreverse
Cassette playback in both directions without having to turn the cassette round.

AMS (Automatic Music Search)
Track search function forwards or backwards.

ATT Control
With the ATT (Attenuator) switch you can reduce reception sensitivity. The radio will skip weaker signals and stop only at the stronger ones. ATT control is only activated when the switch is turned on.

ATRAC3
This sound reduction technology can achieve roughly twice (1:10) the data reduction rate of the ATRAC sound data reduction (1:5) used for the MiniDisc.

Auto Calendar
A Clock radio with dates from 1/1/1998 until 31/12/2100 stored in it. This means that once set the date will be correct every month (e.g. those with less than 31 days or leap years) without being adjusted manually.

AVLS (Auto Volume Limiter System)
To ensure that your neighbours are no longer involuntary listeners and that you do not overstress your own hearing.

Bass Reflex Body
This new system is a body construction to reproduce extra bass response from compact size body.

CD Text Out
Allows copying of CD Text from CD Walkman to MD Walkman Recorder.

CD Ripping
Direct copy of CD Audio Tracks via CD-ROM Drive to a PC audio file.

Clear Voice
Speaker's frequency is dedicated to human vocal range. Better quality of recording of people speaking.

Cue Marker
User assigned index marks that are audible during Cue and Review modes. Quickly identifies important parts of a recording.

Cue/Review Function
Quicker backwards and forwards playback with sound on cassette recorders.

DD Mechanism
Disc drive (direct drive without belt) for Walkman ensures reliable and accurate tape transport.

Digital Mega Bass
Boosts bass and treble in the D/A-converter for low volume level, improves sound quality and reduces noise of the headphone output.

Digital Sound Preset Function
Availability to create your own Sound Balance and save it as standard Sound effect.

Dolby® B/C
Noise reduction systems for low noise recording/playback in cassette recorders.

DPC - Digital Pitch Control
Makes high/low speed play-back voices sound more normal. It is easier to understand the recorded words when you choose to listen at a high or low play-back speed.

Dual Colour LCD
A clock radio Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) where the colour of the display can be changed (Green/Orange).

Dual Headphone Jack
Two equal headphone jacks for two people hearing at the same time or convenient integration for in-car use.

Easy Preset System
This system is a simplified method of storing stations on portable radios. Preset stations are added by pressing the preset button until a beep signal announces that the station is stored.

ESP2 Function (Electronic Shock Protection Squared)
Ensures high resistance to shock for portable CD players. Offering even higher shock resistance without having to increase expensive memory capacity. Sound signals are continuously read even when the data flow is non-stable due to shaking. Potential data errors are corrected in the memory.

Extendable Snooze
The extendable snooze feature enables you to expand your snooze time from 8 to 60 minutes by repeatedly pressing the snooze button. Each time you press the button the snooze time is extended with 8 minutes. You can reset the snooze time to 8 minutes by keeping the button pressed for a longer time.

G-Protection Jog Proof
Anti-Shock for CD Walkman allowing it to be used for active pursuits such as jogging.

High Speed Dubbing
Fast copying system on double decks.

Hold Function
Locks the control elements to prevent unintentional operation.

Joint Text Function
By connecting CD Walkman that can show CD Text information with a CD Text recordable MD Walkman, you can copy the music including the CD Text information from CD to MD.

Learning Function
With this function you can 'learn' your remote control signals of non-preset components or functions.

MagicGate
Copyright protection technology for 'MG Memory Stick' and compliant products. Authentication technology ensures that protected content is only transferred between compliant devices and media, and protected content is recorded and transferred in an encrypted format to prevent unauthorized copying or playback.

MD Link/MD Link Plus
Digital audio interface (optical) for the connection of a MiniDisc Recorder. For easy digital recording from CD to MD including Start ID's. MD Link Plus enables additionally the remote control and power supply of portable MiniDisc Recorders from a stationary unit. Disc information is also displayed on the stationary unit.

MDLP (MD Long Play)
Long playing/recording mode. When using normal MD blank disks you can record up-to 4 times as long as you normally could. For example a standard 60-min. blank disk can record up-to 240 min. You can only playback MDLP recording on a MD-player that has the MDLP feature.

Mega Bass/Bass Boost Function
Boosts the bass for low volume level, optimizing the sound quality of the headphone output.

Memory Stick
The future proof recording media (Flash Memory). Records all kinds of digital data on a very compact stick.

MG Memory Stick (Magic Gate Memory Stick
Memory Stick which complies with the SDMI (Secure Digital Music Initiative) specification to enable storing and playback of music contents to protect the rights of copyright holders.

MP3
Standard data reduction system for audio files (MPEG1 Layer 3).

MSV (Memory Stick Voice)
Audio compression format for Memory Stick Chip Recorder.

Name Bank Function
By storing frequently used words in the units, you do not have to enter the character one by one next time.

Noise Reduction
The original bandwidth is compressed before being sent by the transmitter. When the receiver receives it, the bandwidth is decompressed and the hiss noise is reduced.

OpenMG
Copyright protection technology including Digital Rights Management which consists of three key functions: allowing music download through multiple electronic music distribution platforms, enabling to playback music files and CD ripping on PCs (OpenMG Jukebox), and transferring contents securely from PCs to portable devices.

Panorama Sound
New sound thanks to the use of 4 (instead of 2) speakers.

Personal Disk Memory
Personal settings are remembered by the MD player every time you play the disk. The features that are remembered are: volume, program play, sound preset and playing speed.

Pop Up Eject Mechanism
By touching the open button, the disk will be ejected automatically.

PLL-Synthesizer Tuner
Tuning circuit for easy and precise frequency adjustment even at different temperatures.

Radio Controlled Clock
Clock Time that can be set automatically by a radio signal via LW (77,5 kHz) which is triggered from an atomic clock; in this way you obtain accurate automatic adjustment of Clock time/date/winter-summer time.

RDS (Radio Data System)
RDS is a convenient digital data system that transmits inaudible encoded information together with audible FM signals. The Clock/Pocket Radios are marked with RDS. RDS makes tuning simpler because it will display the name of a station transmitting an RDS signal, and it will find the strongest signal for this station automatically. Following features are included (depending on the unit).

PS (Program Service Name) - Up to 8 characters of station name information transmitted by RDS stations.
TA (Traffic Announcement) - Allows the radio to search for travel information and switch to it automatically during a traffic information.
AF (Alternative Frequency) - Allows the automatic selection of stronger signals where more than one exists for the same station.
EON (Enhanced Other Network) - This service allows automatic switching to another station for the duration of a traffic announcement; this switching is only possible within the same network.
CT (Clock Time) - Allows the clock to be set automatically via RDS service. As this service is not offered by all broadcasting stations, the time can also be adjusted manually.
RMS (Random Music Sensor) - Making up a personal playback programme from a CD.
Repeat (Title, Disc, RMS, A-B, Shuffle)
Possible repeating: 1 track, complete CD, RMS programme, any required starting point (A) and finishing point (B), also in combination with Shuffle Play.

Resume Function
Automatic continuation of CD playback at the point where it was stopped.

Scan Page Function
Easy and quick way of memorizing and tuning your favourite stations.

SDMI
The Secure Digital Music Initiative is a global specification for secure digital music distribution created by a forum of over 110 major music, consumer electronic and technology companies. The goal of SDMI is to protect copyrighted music in all existing and future digital formats while ensuring interoperability among digital products. SDMI benefits consumers by enabling them to easily collect, purchase and play music from a variety of on-line and off-line sources.

Search Function
Faster search with sound forwards and backwards for portable CD players.

Super ESP2
Wider dynamic Range with 3 times the shock protection of ESP2.

Shuffle Play
Playback of the tracks on a CD in shuffled sequence.

Shuttle Dial Analogue Feel Tuning
Tuning system for digital tuning radios that is similar to the dial on an analogue type of radio.

Snooze Function
The radio or buzzer of a clock radio will automatically come on again after a few minutes.

SSB Reception
Single Side Band is very popular among business radio transmissions, and is commonly used in many amateur bands because of its superiority in signal intelligibility. This impressive signal intelligibility is achieved with minimum interference when compared to DSB (Double Side Band) because of its half band width structures.

Standby Function
A feature on digital portable radios that switches the radio on a time specified by the user.

Summer Time Button
A button that adds or subtracts one hour from the current time on a clock radio. This allows the time to be changed easily each spring and autumn when the clocks are changed.

Super ESP2
Wider dynamic Range with 3 times the shock protection of ESP2.

Synchronous Detection
There are two problems with receiving AM frequencies: distortions due to fading and interference from nearby broadcast stations. Synchronous detection is effective in solving these obstacles. It will adjust AM reception (LW, MW, and SW) to optimum conditions.

T.I.M. (Time Index Recording)
Automatic storage of time and data at the start of recording on dictating machines.

Triple Alarm
Wake up to your favourite CD track, radio station or buzzer.

USB
Stands for Universal Serial Bus. It is a high speed data port on computers and peripherals. USB is used for transferring data from e.g. a MS Walkman to a computer. The data transfer is very fast.

Voice Enhancement
The frequency range of the human voice is enhanced so that a dialogue can be easily recognized.

V.O.R. (Voice Operated Recording)
Automatically activates the record mode when sound is present: pause during silence. Extends recording time by saving tape: allows for hand free operation while recording.

MiniDisc Glossary
A/D Converter
A high-performance IC Chip, that converts analogue signals into digital code. Modern IC are working based on 1Bit technology.

AGC (Automatic Gain Control)
For convenient automatic recording level control, this can be manually over-ridden if so desired. Digital recordings by optical input requires no level setting, e.g. for Cassette Recorder, MD.

ATRAC (Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding)
This data reduction process, developed by Sony, evaluates information according to acoustic effects. Due to the masking and the threshold of hearing, only the sound detectable by the human ear is recorded. This effective ATRAC system results in a 80 minute recording capability from a disc only 64mm in diameter.

CD Synchro
At the beginning of a recording, MD Recorder and CD Player are started simultaneously and automatically.

Coaxial Digital In/Out
This connection is for coaxial digital transmission without loss to other HIFI components with coax. Digital In/Out.

Control A1
Multifunctional data bus system for better communication between several Sony audio components. You can automate functions and transfer text information e.g. between CD Player and amplifier. Many useful functions will be possible in the future with this data bus.

Control A1 / A II
Is the extension of Control A1.

D/A Converter
An IC Chip that converts digital code into audible analogue signals. Modern Ics are working based on 1Bit technology.

Digital In/Out: coaxial
This connection is for coaxial digital transmission without loss to other HIFI components with coax. Digital In/Out.

Digital In/Out: optical
This optical connection is for digital transmission without loss to other HIFI components with optical Digital In/Out.

Digital Level Adjustment Recording/Playback
The digital level adjustment permits a precise adjustment of the optimum level control. If a product is equipped with this feature, the characterisation of level adjustment can be switched between linear, logarithmic and sine. When you make a digital recording from CD to MD the audio level can be raised or lowered without quality loss. Additionally, digital fading in or out is possible.

Edit Functions
A variety of functions to edit recorded music tracks without quality loss, e.g. Move, Combine or Divide, enter Title or Disc Name. Some edit functions are not available in all products.

Error Correction System
A high-performance error correction system ensures optimal playback quality even under difficult data readout conditions.

Jog Dial
Allows easy and instant access to CD tracks during playback and for programming tracks, e. g. CD Player.

Long Time Recording (LP2 / LP4)
Is the possibility to double or to quadruple the Record / Playback time of the MO-MD. The sound compression technology used is ATRAC 3 (see Personal Audio ATRAC 3).

Menu Settings
MD recorders equipped with this feature permit to save a great number of personal basic menu settings and parameters.

Mono Recording
A feature on Sony MD recorders that allows to switch the MD audio recording to mono, thus doubling recording time. An MDW-80 has a stereo recording time of 80 minutes and a mono recording time of 160 minutes. All Sony MD players can playback mono recordings.

Optical Digital In/Out
This optical connection is for digital transmission without loss to other HIFI components with opt. Digital In/Out.

PC Keyboard
In is a PS2 connector for a PC Keyboard to make the editing function easier.

Pitch-Control Function
This function allows to vary the playback speed, e.g. to adjust the tuning of instruments. The playback time is reduced or extended without loss.

Position Pointer
A graphic line in the display showing the MD capacity during record or playback.

Remain
Displays the remaining time on an MD or DAT. If an MD or DAT recording has been made, the available recording time of the disc can be accessed.

Repeat (Title, Disc, Program and Shuffle)
Repeating possibilities: 1 track, the complete disc, a programme which you have put together - also in combination with Shuffle Play, e. g. for MD and CD Player.

Sampling Rate Converter
A high-precision chip that converts all common sampling frequencies into MD format, providing digital recordings from all digital sources, like DAT, CD, DSR or ADR, without loss.

Scale Factor Edit (S.F. Edit)
Can be used for volume control and fade-in / fade-out operation. S.F. Edit makes it possible to control after recording, as an editing function, by changing the level data on the disc itself. Accordingly, once level information in a disc has been edited by SF Edit, the disc can be played back on any MiniDisc deck with the volume level changes remaining intact.

Shock Resistant Memory
Buffer memory that compensates for data readout problems resulting e.g. from vibrations, ensuring continuous and error-free music reproduction.

Smart Space Function
Automatic optimization of the pause space to 3 Seconds.

TOC (Table of Contents)
This information area incorporates, for example, the disc table of contents, total numbers, total names, playing time, time, date, data position, etc. When a new recording is made on the MD, this new information is updated after finishing the recording. This process only takes about 1 second (TOC edit blinks in display during this time). In case of a prerecorded MD this TOC is stipulated by the manufacturer and cannot be changed. TOC is also the information track for CD.

Time Machine Recording
Time Machine Recording memorizes some seconds in advance. This function automatically adds a missed beginning e.g. of a radio programme that you may want to record.

Timer Play / Timer Record
Play function or Record function controllable through external timeswitch.

Undo Function
This function permits to undo the last edit steps, however, only on condition that the MD hasn't been taken out of the recorder and that the record button hasn't been pushed.